[Feb-2024] ISTQB-CTFL Certification with Actual Questions from Test4Engine [Q12-Q33]

QUESTION 12
Which of the following is a key characteristic of informal reviews?

Kick-off meeting

Low cost

Individual preparation

Metrics analysis

QUESTION 13
Which of the following is NOT an objective of testing?

Finding defects

Providing information for decision-making

Gaining confidence about the level of quality of the software

Analyzing and removing the cause of failures

QUESTION 14
ST is a Software Testing organization which utilizes a testing knowledge base. Access to ST knowledge base can be either full or limited. Access level is determined based on ST certification and testing experience as follows:
1. If ST certified, with less than 5 years testing experience – allow limited access
2. If ST certified, 5-10 years of testing experience – allow full access
3. If not ST certified with 5-10 years of testing experience – allow limited access.
What would be the results for:
A – ST certified. 12 years of testing experience
B – Not ST certified. 7 years of testing experience
C – Not ST certified. 3 years of testing experience

A – unknown
B – limned access
C- unknown

A – full access
B – limited access
C – unknown

A – full access
B – limited access
C – limited access

A – unknown
B – full access
C – unknown

QUESTION 15
A program got 100% decision coverage in a test. Which of the following statements is then guaranteed to be true?

Every executable statement Is covered.

Every output equivalence class has been tested.

Every input equivalence class has been tested.

The “dead” code has not been covered.

If a program got 100% decision coverage in a test, then it is guaranteed that every executable statement is covered. Decision coverage (also known as branch coverage) is a type of structural coverage (also known as white-box coverage) that measures how many decision outcomes have been exercised by a test suite. A decision outcome is a possible result of a decision point (such as an if-then-else statement) in a program’s code. Decision coverage requires that each decision point has both true and false outcomes executed at least once by a test suite. Decision coverage implies statement coverage, which is another type of structural coverage that measures how many executable statements have been executed by a test suite. Statement coverage requires that each executable statement is executed at least once by a test suite. Therefore, if a program got 100% decision coverage in a test, then it also got 100% statement coverage in a test, which means that every executable statement is covered. The other options are not guaranteed to be true if a program got 100% decision coverage in a test. Every output equivalence class has been tested and every input equivalence class has been tested are not guaranteed to be true if a program got 100% decision coverage in a test, because equivalence classes are based on functional requirements or specifications, not on code structure or logic. Equivalence classes are used in specification-based testing (also known as black-box testing), which is a type of testing that does not consider the internal structure or implementation of the system under test. Decision coverage is used in structure-based testing (also known as white-box testing), which is a type of testing that considers the internal structure or implementation of the system under test. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage does not imply achieving 100% equivalence class coverage. The “dead” code has not been covered is not guaranteed to be true if a program got 100% decision coverage in a test, because dead code (also known as unreachable code) is code that can never be executed due to logical errors or design flaws. Dead code can reduce readability and maintainability of the code, as well as increase complexity and size. Decision coverage does not account for dead code, as it only considers the decision outcomes that are possible to execute. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage does not imply that the dead code has not been covered. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, page 36.

QUESTION 16
Which of the following statements about re-testing and regression testing are TRUE?
I Re-testing should be performed after a defect is fixed.
II Regression testing should always be performed after a defect is fixed.
III Re-testing and regression testing may be performed at any test level.
IV Regression testing may include functional, non-functional and structural testing.
V Re-testing should be included in the debugging activity.

I, III. Iv

II, v

I, Ill

II. IV, V

The following statements about re-testing and regression testing are true:
I) Re-testing should be performed after a defect is fixed. Re-testing is a type of testing that verifies that a defect has been successfully resolved by executing a test case that previously failed due to that defect. Re-testing should be performed after a defect is fixed and delivered to ensure that it does not cause any new failures or side effects.
III) Re-testing and regression testing may be performed at any test level. Re-testing and regression testing are not limited to a specific test level, but can be applied at any level depending on the context and objectives. For example, re-testing and regression testing can be performed at unit level, integration level, system level or acceptance level.
IV) Regression testing may include functional, non-functional and structural testing. Regression testing is a type of testing that verifies that previously tested software still performs correctly after changes. Regression testing may include various types of testing depending on the scope and purpose of the changes. For example, regression testing may include functional testing to check if the software meets its requirements, non-functional testing to check if the software meets its quality attributes, or structural testing to check if the software meets its design or code standards. The following statement about re-testing and regression testing is false:
II) Regression testing should always be performed after a defect is fixed. Regression testing is not always necessary after a defect is fixed, as some defects may have a low impact or low likelihood of affecting other parts of the software. Regression testing should be performed after a defect is fixed only if there is a risk of introducing new defects or causing existing defects due to the changes made to fix the defect. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, Chapter 2, page 19; Chapter 4, page 45.

QUESTION 17
A mid-size software product development company has analyzed data related to defects detected in its product and found out that detects fixed in earlier builds are getting re-opened after a few months.
The company management now seeks your advice in order to reverse this trend and prevent re-opening of defects fixed earlier.
What would be your FIRST recommendation to the company?

Automate existing test suits so that lesser time is spent on execution of each test, and more tests can be executed m the available time thus leading to a lower probability of defects slipping by

Verify existing regression test suite are adequate, and augment it, if required, in order to ensure that defects fixed earlier get re-tested in each subsequent build

Analyze the product modules containing maximum defects, and get them thoroughly tested and defects fixed as a one-time activity

If required, tram the teams responsible for development and testing of the modules containing maximum number of defects, and if this does not help, replace them with more knowledgeable people

QUESTION 18
A test manager defined the following test levels in her test plan; Component, System and Acceptance.
Which Software Development lifecycle is the Test Manager most likely following?

V-Model

Agile

Waterfall

Prototyping

QUESTION 19
Which of the following is NOT an experience-based technique?

Boundary value analysis.

Error guessing

Exploratory testing

Fault attack

QUESTION 20
Which of the following is a function of a dynamic analysis tool?

Provide support for traceability of tests, test results and incidents to source documents

Monitor the allocation, use and de-allocation of memory during run-time of a program

Execute programs step-by-step in order to reproduce failures and find corresponding defects

Provide support for release of baselines consisting of configuration items

QUESTION 21
Which of the following statements about reviews are TRUE?
I In walkthroughs the review meeting is typically led by the author.
II Inspection is characterized by an open-ended review meeting
III Preparation before the review meeting is part of informal reviews
IV Management rarely participates in technical review meetings

II, Ill

I, II

I, IV

III, IV

QUESTION 22
In which of the following cases you would NOT execute maintenance testing?

Retirement of the software or system

Modifications to a released software or system

Migration of the system data to a replacement system

Update to the Maintainability requirements during the development phase

QUESTION 23
Which of the following can be considered a VALID exit criterion?
I Estimates of defect density or reliability measures.
II. The completion and publication of an exhaustive Test Report.
III. Accuracy measures, such as code, functionality or risk coverage.
IV Residual risks such as lack of code coverage in certain areas.

I, III, IV

I, II, III

III, IV

II, III, IV

QUESTION 24
Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be describing component testing?

It identifies defects in modules and classes.

Simulators and stubs may be required.

It mainly tests interfaces and interaction between components.

It may be applied using a test-first approach.

QUESTION 25
In what way do Configuration Management effects testing?

Without proper configuration management, test planning cannot proceed.

Proper configuration management ensures that testers can uniquely identity the tested item

Configuration management is important for developers, not for testers

There is very little influence of configuration management practices on the test project.

QUESTION 26
The following sentences refer to the ‘Standard for Software Test Documentation’ specification (IEEE 829).
Which sentence is correct?

Any deviation from this standard should be approved by management, marketing & development

Most test documentation regimes follow this spec to some degree, with changes done to fit a specific situation or organization

The key to high quality test documentation regimes is strict adherence to this standard

This test plan outline is relevant for military projects. For consumer market projects there is a different specification with fewer items.

QUESTION 27
Which sequence of state transition stated in the answer choices is correct in accordance with the following figure depicting me life-cycle of a defect?

S0->S1->S2->S3->S4

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5^>S1

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S1->S2->S3

S0->S1->S2->S3->S5->S3->S4

QUESTION 28
Consider the following statements about risk-based testing.
I) Risk-based testing has the objective to reduce the level of protect risks.
II) Tests should be prioritized to find tie critical detects as early as possible.
III) Non-testing activities may also help to reduce risk
IV) Risks have to be reassessed on a regular basis.
V) The project stakeholders can give useful input to determine the risks

I III IV and V are true. II is false.

II, III IV and V are correct. I is false.

I, II and IV are true. III and V are false.

II, Ill and V are true. 1 ants Iv are false.

QUESTION 29
Software was found lo take much more time than the stated requirement of less than one second to save a file. Upon investigation it was found that there was an unnecessary check inside a loop which was slowing down the file-save operation. The software not being able to meet the desired response time is an example of

It is not a defect

Defect

Error

Failure

QUESTION 30
A Static analysis tool analyzes a given program’s CONTROL FLOW among other things. Which of the following options represents the most likely outcome of the control flow analysis:

Identification of unreachable code

Report on adherence to the coding standards

Number of comment lines

Number of source code lines

QUESTION 31
Which of the following statements about testware are correct?
I When closing the test activities, all the testware resources can be uninstalled and released II All the testware should be subject to Configuration Management III. The testware. at the end of the project, should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance IV The developers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware

II, Ill

I, Ill

I, IV

II, IV

Testware is a term that refers to all artifacts produced during the testing process, such as test plans, test cases, test scripts, test data, test results, defect reports, etc. The following statements about testware are correct:
II) All the testware should be subject to Configuration Management. Configuration management is a process that establishes and maintains consistency among work products throughout their life cycle. Configuration management applies to all testware, as it helps ensure their quality and consistency, track their changes and defects, control their versions and access rights, and link them to other artifacts.
III) The testware at the end of the project should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance. Maintenance testing is testing performed on a software product after delivery to correct defects or improve performance or other attributes. Maintenance testing requires testware from previous testing activities or phases, such as test cases, test data, test results, etc. Therefore, the testware at the end of the project should be transferred to the organization responsible for maintenance testing, such as support team or maintenance team. The following statements about testware are incorrect:
I) When closing the test activities, all the testware resources can be uninstalled and released. This statement is incorrect, as some testware resources may still be needed for future testing activities or phases, such as maintenance testing or regression testing. Therefore, when closing the test activities, some testware resources should be archived and stored for future use, while others can be uninstalled and released.
IV) The developers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware. This statement is incorrect, as the testers are responsible for the correct installation of the testware. The testers should ensure that they have access to all necessary testware resources and that they are installed and configured properly before starting the test execution. Verified Reference: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus – Springer, Chapter 6, page 58-61.

QUESTION 32
Which of the following BEST matches the attributes with a level of testing?
I Stubs and drivers are often used
II The lest environment should correspond to the production environment III Finding defects is not the main focus IV Testing can be based on use cases V Testing is normally performed by testers VI Testing for functional and non-functional characteristics

Component – VI
Integration – IV
System -1
Acceptance – 111

Component – IV
Integration -1
System – VI
Acceptance – V

Component-I
Integration – V
System – II
Acceptance – IV

Component – V
Integration – II
System – IV
Acceptance – VI

QUESTION 33
Which of the following statements about Experience Based Techniques (EBT) is correct?

EBT use tests derived from the test engineers’ previous experience with similar technologies.

EBT is based on the ability of the test engineer to implement various testing techniques.

EBT is done as a second stage of testing, after non-experienced-based testing took place.

EBT require broad and deep knowledge in testing but not necessarily in the application or technological domain.

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[Feb-2024] ISTQB-CTFL Certification with Actual Questions from Test4Engine [Q12-Q33]

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